In the field of short-haul aviation, there are two types of aircraft that differ fundamentally in terms of their propulsion technology and characteristics: turboprop aircraft and jets. This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of both concepts, examines fuel consumption and explains the reasons for the preference for jets on short routes. Not so long ago, it was almost a given that, for example, between Germany and Austria, especially on decentralized routes, turboprop aircraft were used almost exclusively. Small jets such as the Bombardier CRJ200 have gradually emerged. There are now only a few routes between the two countries on which turboprops such as the de Havilland Dash 8-400 regularly fly. In most cases, the props have been replaced by jets. But there are also routes that are no longer offered because they are simply not profitable in jet operation. Turboprops: Efficient powerhouses for short distances Turboprop aircraft, also known as propeller aircraft, are characterized by their characteristic propellers, which are driven by gas turbines. This technology impresses with its simplicity, reliability and cost-effectiveness. Turboprops excel with their low fuel consumption, which makes them ideal for use on shorter routes. Another advantage is their ability to take off and land on unpaved runways, which increases their flexibility in terms of possible areas of use. However, taking off and landing on grass runways is not possible with every turboprop aircraft. There are numerous models that are very common that simply do not have this ability because they were not developed for this segment. Some turboprop aircraft have