Tensions between India and Pakistan have reached a new level of escalation. Following the deadly attack on civilians in the Indian-administered Kashmir region, Pakistan closed its airspace to Indian airlines on April 24, 2025.
This measure represents a serious escalation of the already tense situation and has a direct impact on international air traffic and diplomatic relations between the two neighboring countries. At the same time, Pakistan responded to Indian decisions with further political steps that further strain relations.
Background of the conflict
The latest escalation followed an attack on April 22, 2025, in the popular tourist resort of Pahalgam in Kashmir. Armed assailants opened fire on a group of people, killing at least 26 people, including 25 Indian citizens. The Kashmir Resistance organization, which is suspected of having ties to extremist groups, claimed responsibility for the attack.
India reacted promptly: On April 23, the only open land border with Pakistan was closed. Furthermore, the Indian government announced that it would suspend the bilateral water sharing agreement—a sensitive issue between the two countries.
Pakistan's response: airspace closure and visa restrictions
In response to the Indian measures, Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif announced a series of countermeasures. The central measure was the immediate closure of Pakistani airspace to airlines owned or operated by Indian companies. This particularly affects Air India and IndiGo, which are now forced to take longer flight routes through alternative airspace.
Additionally, Pakistan suspended all visas under the SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme (SVES) for Indian citizens. Indian citizens already in the country—with the exception of Sikh pilgrims—were asked to leave Pakistan within 48 hours.
In an official statement, the Pakistani government described the Indian measures as “unilateral, unjust, politically motivated, highly irresponsible and without legal basis.”
Impact on international air traffic
The immediate impact of the airspace closure is affecting numerous international airlines. Air India, which serves routes to North America, the United Kingdom, Europe, and the Middle East, among others, had to immediately establish alternative flight routes. These now cover longer distances, resulting in increased flight times and potentially higher operating costs.
Air India expressed regret for the inconvenience but assured that the safety of passengers and crew was its top priority. IndiGo also pointed out that the situation would result in changes to its international flight schedule. The airline promised to provide the best possible assistance to affected passengers in reaching their destinations.
According to international aviation industry experts, a prolonged airspace closure could have far-reaching consequences for air traffic in South Asia and beyond. Delays and flight cancellations are already occurring, especially on busy long-haul routes.
Diplomatic tensions are increasing
Relations between India and Pakistan have been characterized by mistrust and conflict for decades, particularly over the disputed region of Kashmir. Military clashes and mutual recriminations have occurred repeatedly.
Observers point out that the current measures—especially the suspension of the water agreement—are an unprecedented step that could further exacerbate the already fragile situation. Water resources are vital to both states, and their control is considered one of the most sensitive issues in India-Pakistan relations.
The United Nations and several international observers have called on both sides to exercise restraint and engage in dialogue. However, direct diplomatic contact between New Delhi and Islamabad has so far been lacking following the recent events.
Economic consequences cannot be ruled out
In addition to the immediate impact on air traffic, the crisis could also have economic consequences. Trade between India and Pakistan, which has been declining for years, is threatened with a complete standstill. Experts also warn of a potential destabilization of the entire South Asian region if the situation escalates further.
The tourism industry, which plays a key role in Kashmir, is likely to suffer particularly from the current events. Tour operators are already reporting canceled bookings and a drastic decline in visitor numbers.
Perspectives and Outlook
Further developments remain uncertain. The Pakistani government stated that it would seek international support through diplomatic channels to strengthen its position. India, on the other hand, reiterated its determination to take decisive action against terrorist threats and again accused Pakistan of tolerating extremist groups in the region.
Analysts emphasize that in the past, escalations between the two countries have often been defused through international mediation. Whether such de-escalation is possible this time depends largely on the behavior of the political leadership in both capitals. Until then, however, international air traffic will remain restricted, diplomatic relations strained, and the region on high alert.
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