
Microclimate and summer resources: Options for temperature regulation and recreation in Switzerland
With rising summer and maximum temperatures due to changing weather patterns, the availability of cool retreats is becoming increasingly important for the tourism and recreation sector. Switzerland, thanks to its topography, geology, and water infrastructure, offers suitable conditions for temperature regulation in outdoor and recreational areas. The spectrum ranges from underground caverns and historical mine shafts to urban river and lake bathing areas, and even deep gorge systems. These spaces are collectively referred to as "climatic escape destinations" and are gaining in importance for summer tourism in Central European regions. Geological formations and underground structures act as temperature buffers. Underground spaces offer a largely constant microclimate due to their geological covering. In many Swiss cave systems and former mines, the internal temperatures remain at around 8 degrees Celsius year-round, regardless of external weather conditions. This characteristic makes them attractive destinations for visitors seeking respite from the heat outside of air-conditioned indoor spaces. A historical example of the technical use of underground structures is provided by the cave mills at Col-des-Roches near Le Locle in the canton of Neuchâtel. Around 400 years ago, the inhabitants of the valley began to harness the underground watercourses in the natural limestone caves to power mills, sawmills, and threshing machines. The multi-level complex is now open to the public as a museum and showcases the connection between geology and early industrial history. Another large-scale underground facility is located near La Presta in the Val-de-Travers. Between 1873 and 1986, asphalt was mined on an industrial scale at this site. The underground mining created a network of rock tunnels on several levels with a total length of approximately 100 kilometers. A section about one kilometer long is open for guided tours.






